Candidate Loanwords In Malaysian And Indonesian Online News: An Illustrative Comparison Of Forms And Semantic Domains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57255/intellect.v5i01.1918Keywords:
student advisory information system, Laravel, school data management, Waterfall development, digital student supportAbstract
Although Malay and Indonesian have longstanding histories of language contact, similarities among contemporary word forms alone cannot identify donor languages or pathways of transmission. This study offers an illustrative documentary comparison of 45 purposively selected word types: 15 associated with eight Malaysian news articles, 15 with five Indonesian news articles, and 15 attributed to Dutch in a separate secondary compilation published in 2023. The entries were examined using a simplified typology based on Haugen's borrowing categories and seven manually assigned semantic domains. All 45 preselected candidates were provisionally classified as loanwords; no loanblends or loanshifts were identified in these restricted lists. The largest domains were government/administration (14 entries) and social/community (11), followed by transport/trade and technology/media (six each), law/security (four), and household/technology and media/arts (two each). These figures represent counts of selected word types, not token frequencies or national proportions. The news articles were not sampled under comparable conditions, item-to-article extraction records were unavailable, and the proposed Dutch etymologies were not independently verified. The findings therefore provide a limited descriptive inventory and comparison of the three lists, rather than evidence of historical borrowing routes or broader differences between the languages. Replication requires traceable item-level sources, matched corpora, explicit coding procedures, and independent etymological verification.
Abstrak
Meskipun bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Indonesia memiliki sejarah kontak bahasa yang panjang, kemiripan bentuk kata saat ini saja tidak cukup untuk mengidentifikasi bahasa sumber atau jalur transmisi. Studi ini menyajikan perbandingan dokumenter terhadap 45 jenis kata yang dipilih secara sengaja: 15 kata dari delapan artikel berita Malaysia, 15 kata dari lima artikel berita Indonesia, dan 15 kata yang dikaitkan dengan bahasa Belanda berdasarkan kompilasi sekunder yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2023. Entri-entri tersebut dianalisis menggunakan tipologi sederhana yang didasarkan pada kategori peminjaman bahasa menurut Haugen serta tujuh ranah semantik yang ditentukan secara manual. Ke-45 kandidat yang dipilih tersebut untuk sementara diklasifikasikan sebagai kata serapan; tidak ditemukan adanya bentuk campuran (loan blends) maupun pergeseran makna akibat peminjaman (loan shifts) dalam daftar terbatas ini. Ranah dengan jumlah entri terbanyak adalah pemerintahan/administrasi (14 entri) dan sosial/kemasyarakatan (11 entri), diikuti oleh transportasi/perdagangan dan teknologi/media (masing-masing enam entri), hukum/keamanan (empat entri), serta rumah tangga/teknologi dan media/seni (masing-masing dua entri). Angka-angka ini menunjukkan jumlah jenis kata yang dipilih, bukan frekuensi kemunculan (token) ataupun proporsi secara nasional. Artikel-artikel berita tersebut tidak diambil dengan kondisi yang setara, catatan mengenai ekstraksi kata dari artikel tidak tersedia, dan etimologi bahasa Belanda yang diusulkan pun belum diverifikasi secara independen. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini hanya menyajikan inventaris deskriptif terbatas serta perbandingan dari ketiga daftar tersebut, bukan bukti mengenai jalur peminjaman historis atau perbedaan yang lebih luas antara kedua bahasa. Untuk melakukan replikasi, diperlukan sumber data yang dapat dilacak hingga ke tingkat kata, korpus yang sepadan, prosedur pengodean yang eksplisit, serta verifikasi etimologis secara independen.
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