Rekonstruksi Teori Utilitas dalam Mikroekonomi Islam Berbasis Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57255/jovishe.v4i2.1702Keywords:
Mikroekonomi Islam, Utilitas, Maqasid al-Syariah, Maslahah, Perilaku KonsumenAbstract
Teori utilitas dalam mikroekonomi konvensional sering kali mengabaikan dimensi spiritual dan moral, sehingga mereduksi kebahagiaan manusia menjadi sekadar akumulasi material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi teori utilitas dalam mikroekonomi Islam dengan mengintegrasikan kerangka Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan, dengan menganalisis teks-teks otoritatif klasik serta literatur ekonomi Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini mendekonstruksi konsep utilitas konvensional yang berbasis pada keinginan (wants) tanpa batas, dan mentransformasikannya menjadi "maslahah" yang berakar pada kebutuhan (needs) objektif yang dikategorikan ke dalam daruriyyat, hajiyyat, dan tahsiniyyat. Hasil penelitian menawarkan sebuah formula konseptual baru yaitu: Maslahah = Utilitas + Berkah. Rekonstruksi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perilaku konsumsi seorang Muslim tidak hanya didorong oleh kepuasan material semata, melainkan oleh pencapaian kesejahteraan holistik yang menyeimbangkan kepentingan duniawi dan pertimbangan ukhrawi. Implikasi dari teori ini adalah terciptanya model konsumen yang lebih etis dan bertanggung jawab sosial, yang memprioritaskan keadilan distributif dan ketenangan spiritual di atas konsumsi hedonistik. Studi ini memberikan landasan teoretis bagi pengembangan indikator kesejahteraan berbasis maqasid yang relevan dengan tantangan ekonomi kontemporer.
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