Classroom Management as a Determinant of Teaching and Learning Effectiveness in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57255/jemast.v4i1.1515Keywords:
Classroom Management, Learning Efficiency, Teaching EffectivenessAbstract
This study aims to investigate classroom management as a key determinant of teaching and learning effectiveness in Indonesia within the context of the Industry 5.0 era. Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-centered innovation and the synergy between human intelligence and technological advancement. The research explores how teachers’ management strategies—covering classroom organization, behavioral regulation, instructional design, and digital collaboration—affect students’ engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires administered to teachers and students from various secondary schools, while qualitative data were obtained through structured interviews and classroom observations. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression tests to determine relationships among variables, complemented by thematic analysis for deeper interpretation. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between effective classroom management and teaching-learning effectiveness. Classrooms that incorporate structured organization, participatory management, and technology-supported activities demonstrate improved student collaboration and academic performance. In the Industry 5.0 context, classroom management is not limited to administrative control but integrates digital literacy, emotional intelligence, and personalized learning to foster adaptability and innovation. The study concludes that effective classroom management serves as a strategic foundation for achieving sustainable educational quality and human-centered learning in Indonesian schools, aligning with the transformative demands of Industry 5.0.
References
A’mar, F., & Eleyan, D. (2022). Effect of Principal’s Technology Leadership on Teacher’s Technology Integration. International Journal of Instruction, 15(1), 781–798. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15145a
Abu Talib, S., Mohamad Nasri, N., & Mahmud, M. S. (2025). Empowering Mathematics Teachers as Agents of Change: Developing a readiness model through Fuzzy Delphi insights. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 10(SI33), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI33.7075
Asbulah, L. H., Sahrim, M., Soad, N. F. A. M., Rushdi, N. A. A. M., & Deris, M. A. H. M. (2022). Teachers’ Attitudes Towards the Use of Augmented Reality Technology in Teaching Arabic in Primary School Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0131055
Asrizal, A., N, A., Festiyed, F., Ashel, H., & Amnah, R. (2023). STEM-integrated physics digital teaching material to develop conceptual understanding and new literacy of students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(7), em2289. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13275
Azrai, E. P., Rini, D. S., & Suryanda, A. (2020). Micro-teaching in the Digital Industrial Era 4.0: Necessary or Not? Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4A), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081804
Bahri, A., Arifin, A. N., Jamaluddin, A. Bin, Muharni, A., & Hidayat, W. (2023). Smart Teaching Based on Lesson Study Promoting Stundent’s Digital Literacy in The Rural Area. European Journal of Educational Research, volume-12-(volume-12-issue-2-april-2023), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.2.901
Caño de las Heras, S., Gargalo, C. L., Weitze, C. L., Mansouri, S. S., Gernaey, K. V., & Krühne, U. (2021). A framework for the development of Pedagogical Process Simulators (P2Si) using explanatory models and gamification. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 151, 107350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107350
Chew, C. M., Teoh, H. C., Ng, L. Y., & Mah, S.-K. (2024). Fostering integration of current industry application practices in the final year integrated design project. Journal of Computers in Education, 11(4), 1133–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00294-8
Chun, H. (2022). A Study on the Development of Design thinking in the Fourth Industrial Revolution — Focused on Micro Manufacturing Space. Journal of Interconnection Networks, 22(Supp02). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219265921430465
Dos Santos, E. F., & Benneworth, P. (2019). Makerspace for skills development in the industry 4.0 era. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 16(2), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.14488/BJOPM.2019.v16.n2.a11
Fithriani, F., Darmiah, D., Walidin AK, W., Syabuddin, S., & Sulaiman, S. (2025). PROFESSIONALISM COMPETENCY OF PUBLIC ISLAMIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (MAN) TEACHERS IN WELCOMING THE ERA OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 IN ACEH. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 24(2), 561. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v24i2.11131
Fitria, R., Suparman, S., Hairun, Y., & Ruhama, M. A. H. (2020). Student’s Worksheet Design for Social Arithmetic Based on PBL to Increase the Critical Thinking Skills. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 2028–2046. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080541
García, J. L., & de los Ríos, I. (2021). Model to Develop Skills in Accounting Students for a 4.0 Industry and 2030 Agenda: From an International Perspective. Sustainability, 13(17), 9699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179699
Habiburrahim, H., Akmal, S., Trisnawati, I. K., Suryanto, S., Mustiranda, M., & Muluk, S. (2022). Researching professional English as a foreign language lecturer in the industry 4.0: A curriculum perspective. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(3), 1544. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22593
Haris, F., Ilham, I., Taufan, J., Aulia, F., Gusril, G., Komaini, A., & Pranoto, N. W. (2023). Development of the Physical Activity Learning through QR Code Android-Based and Teaching Books for the Deaf. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110323
Herman, Sultan, & Suardi. (2025). Early childhood education teachers’ perceptions of pedagogical competence 4.0 in supporting early childhood development. Discover Education, 4(1), 348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00849-0
Hikayat, C., Suparman, S., Hairun, Y., & Suharna, H. (2020). Design of Realistic Mathematics Education Approach to Improve Critical Thinking Skills. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(6), 2232–2244. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080606
Imran, I., & Mardhiah, A. (2023). Revitalizing Islamic Education: Professionalism of State Islamic Religious College Lecturers in Welcoming the Industrial Era 4.0. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(3), 811–830. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i3.1032
Jalil, M. Z. B. A., Razali, N. Bin, & Rahman, K. A. B. A. (2021). Development of Chiller Simulation System. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 1(1), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v1i1.33769
Joshi, K., Kumar, R., Bharany, S., Saini, D. K. J. B., Kumar, R., Ibrahim, A. O., … Medani, M. A. (2024). Exploring the Connectivity Between Education 4.0 and Classroom 4.0: Technologies, Student Perspectives, and Engagement in the Digital Era. IEEE Access, 12, 24179–24204. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3357786
López Ríos, O., Lechuga López, L. J., & Lechuga López, G. (2020). A comprehensive statistical assessment framework to measure the impact of immersive environments on skills of higher education students: a case study. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 14(4), 1395–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-020-00698-1
Mohammed, A. Q. (2019). Changing Dynamics of Talent Management: Analyzing the Impact of Business Environmental Factors. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, (52), 583–595. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.52.583.595
Mohd Shapri, N. S., & Rashid, N. L. (2024). Exploring Prehistoric Era in Virtual Reality Walkthrough. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 72(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V72I6P101
Ninsiana, W., & Yulianingsih, L. (2025). Implementing Blended Learning Model in Teaching English in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0". Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i3.6406
Nursyahidah, F., Wardono, Mariani, S., & Wijayanti, K. (2025). Integrating technology, Javanese ethnomathematics, and realistic mathematics education in supporting prospective mathematics teachers’ numeracy skills: A learning trajectory. Journal on Mathematics Education, 16(2), 671–688. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v16i2.pp671-688
Oliver, W. H. (2024). A theology rhizome. Verbum et Ecclesia, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v45i1.3170
Ramírez-Cedillo, E., Armendáriz-Rodríguez, M., García-Ávila, J., Quintero-Sánchez, D., Ortiz-Espinoza, A. A., & Vargas-Martínez, A. (2025). Student 5.0: immersive learning in next-gen Automation of Manufacturing Systems courses for the Industry 5.0 era. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1416761
Rashed, Z. N., Zhaffar, N. M., Ihwani, S. S., & Iswantir M. (2025). Driving Islamic Education in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Challenges and Strategies. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 15(1), 18–33. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT072025-2
Rochmiyati, S., Tiasari, L., & Ermawati. (2024). Promoting Character Education Through Genre-Based Language Learning: A Digital Reading Box in the Spotlight. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(3), 813–820. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1403.23
Sakitri, W., Kardoyo, K., Tusyanah, T., & Setiaji, K. (2025). Determinants of work readiness as a teacher for higher education students in industry revolution of 4.0. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 17(3), 1099–1108. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-12-2023-0592
Salleh, M. H., Abdul Kadir, S., Jamaluddin, R., & Mohd Puad, M. H. (2022). Factors Influencing TVET Teacher’s TPACK Competencies in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.03.010
Sopian, A., Abdurahman, M., ’Ali, M., Tantowi, Y. A., Aeni, A. N., & Maulani, H. (2025). Arabic Language Learning in a Multicultural Context at Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v11i1.44104
Suherdi, D. (2019). Teaching English in the industry 4.0 and disruption era: Early lessons from the implementation of SMELT I 4.0 DE in a senior high lab school class. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i1.16418
Sya’bani, M. A. Y., & Rajiani, I. (2019). Philosophical Thought of Al-Farabi as Models of Establishing Civil Society in the Era of Technology Disruption. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(2), 5446–5450. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B3773.078219
Syam, H., Basri, M., Abduh, A., Patak, A. A., & Rosmaladewi, -. (2019). Hybrid e-Learning in Industrial Revolution 4.0 for Indonesia Higher Education. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 9(4), 1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.4.9411
Thoo, A. C., Hang, S. P., Lee, Y. L., & Tan, L. C. (2021). Students’ Satisfaction Using E-Learning as a Supplementary Tool. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(15), 16. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i15.23925
Ülker, N. (2025). Reflecting trends of the contemporary academic landscape in the context of Higher Education 4.0. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1522647
Yondri, S., Ganefri, -, Krismadinata, -, Jalinus, N., & Sukardi, -. (2020). A New Syntax of Teaching Factory IR 4.0 Model in Vocational Education. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 10(6), 2270–2275. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.13197
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Novita Widya Pangestika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
