Constitutional Review of Restrictions on Freedom of Expression and the Criminalization of Expression in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57255/hakamain.v1i2.1765Keywords:
freedom of opinion, freedom of expression, Article 28E of the 1945 ConstitutionAbstract
This article examines freedom of expression in public from the perspective of Indonesian constitutional law. The study covers the constitutional basis in the post-amendment 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 28E paragraph (3), which guarantees every person the right to freedom of association, assembly, and expression, as well as the supporting legal framework ranging from Law No. 9 of 1998 on Freedom of Expression in Public to the ITE Law in its various versions. This article analyzes various forms of legally protected public expression, the constitutional requirements for restrictions based on the three-part test adopted from Article 19 of the ICCPR, the issue of the criminalization of expression that frequently occurs in practice, a comparative analysis with other countries, and recommendations for strengthening the protection of freedom of expression in Indonesia. This study argues that freedom of opinion is a right that is non-derogable in substance, and any restrictions on it must meet very strict standards in a constitutional democracy.
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